The autonomy granted by Spain was short-lived. After the Spanish-American War ended in 1898, Puerto Rico and Guam were ceded to the United States under the Treaty of Paris. Since then, Puerto Rico has remained a U.S. territory.
“During the first fifty years of U.S. rule, Congress approved a new Puerto Rican Constitution that established the Island as an autonomous U.S. commonwealth, while granting its residents full American citizenship,” explains Ortiz.
Understanding the Commonwealth
On July 25, 1952, under the leadership of Luis Muñoz Marín, Puerto Rico officially became a Commonwealth. Although the term “Commonwealth” lacks a precise legal definition, in Puerto Rico’s case, it signifies that the Island operates under its own Constitution, elects local officials, governs itself internally, and enjoys sovereignty in areas such as sports and international competitions.
Honouring the Legacy of Puerto Rico
With a rich history spanning over 500 years, Puerto Ricans take great pride in their diverse cultural roots. While these influences are visible throughout the Island, there are certain places where Taíno, African, and Spanish traditions come to life most vividly.
The Festival de Santiago Apóstol in Loíza offers a vibrant celebration of Puerto Rico’s Afro-descendant heritage, featuring traditional food, lively dancing, and a colorful parade of “vejigantes.” Meanwhile, the Festival Nacional Indígena in Jayuya pays tribute to the Island’s Indigenous roots through ceremonial rituals, traditional attire, and cultural performances.
Spanish influence in Puerto Rico is especially evident in its architecture, with Old San Juan serving as a prime example. From its centuries-old city walls and cobblestone streets to the historic forts that dot the landscape, every corner of this charming district reflects over 500 years of rich history.
